Hot Yoga
Tallahassee
A CASE STUDY OF
MISOGYNISTIC EXTREMISM
MARCH 2022
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE
National Threat Assessment Center
NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT CENTER
U.S. SECRET SERVICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
March 2022
Although permission to reprint is not necessary, when quoting, paraphrasing, or otherwise referring to this document, the citation should be: National Threat
Assessment Center. (2021). Hot Yoga Tallahassee: A Case Study of Misogynistic Extremism. Washington, DC: U.S. Secret Service, Department of Homeland Security.
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This report was prepared by the staff of the U.S. Secret Service
National Threat Assessment Center (NTAC)
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Introduction
On November 2, 2018, a 40-year-old gunman
opened fire inside Hot Yoga Tallahassee, a yoga
studio in Tallahassee, FL, killing two women
and injuring four more before committing
suicide. The attacker was motivated to carry
out violence by his inability to develop or
maintain relationships with women, along
with his perception of women’s societal power
over men. For decades prior, he engaged in
numerous instances of inappropriate and
criminal behavior directed toward women
and girls. These behaviors resulted in him
losing several jobs, being barred from public
locations, and having multiple contacts with law
enforcement, some of which resulted in arrest.
The behavioral history of the Hot Yoga
Tallahassee attacker illustrates many of the
behavioral threat assessment themes identified
through years of U.S. Secret Service research
examining targeted violence. Further, this
attacker’s history highlights the specific
threat posed by misogynistic extremism. This
gender-based ideology, sometimes referred
to as “male supremacy,” has received increased
attention in recent years from researchers,
government agencies, and advocacy groups
due to its association with high-profile incidents
of mass violence. Some of these attacks were
perpetrated by individuals who espoused
specific types of misogynistic extremism,
including “anti-feminists” and “involuntary
celibates” (See Origins of the “Incel” Label). The
Hot Yoga Tallahassee attacker did not appear to
adopt any of these specific ideological labels,
but his behavior and beliefs aligned with many
who do. Although these labels and their origins
vary, they all have proponents who have called
for violence against women.
Origins of the “Incel” Label
In the late 1990s, a Canadian woman created
an Internet peer support forum for people
who wanted a sexual relationship but were
unable to find a partner. It was intended to be
a safe place to seek support for those who felt
sexually deprived due to social awkwardness,
marginalization, or mental illness. She
popularized the term “involuntary celibacy”
as a nonjudgmental way for lonely people to
identify as a group. Over time, the term would
be shortened to “incel.” This forum, along
with similar communities, was intended to be
positive and focused on providing support for
overcoming one’s “incel” status.
As the community grew, the ideas expressed
in the forums changed and by the early 2000s,
some of the more dominant voices were
young heterosexual men with vindictive and
aggressive views toward women. Though the
original developer took down her website, the
community continued to spread across other
forums.
Today, the term “incel” is often used to describe
men who feel unable to obtain romantic or
sexual relationships with women, to which
they feel entitled. The term is used to describe
one online subculture that exists within the
“manosphere” – a network of blogs and forums
frequented by groups including incels, men’s
rights activists (MRAs), Men Going Their Own
Way (MGTOW), and pickup artists (PUAs).
Although these groups are known to promote
male-dominant views, some members express
extreme ideologies involving anti-woman hate,
sexual objectification of women, and calls for
violence targeting women.
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For example, on May 23, 2014, a 22-year-old male killed six people and injured fourteen others in a
shooting and stabbing spree near the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB).
Among the victims were three women who were shot outside of a sorority house. The attacker
viewed these young women as symbols of the type of woman he was unable to attract. Earlier that
day, he posted a video on social media where he expressed his frustration of not being able to find a
girlfriend. He also recorded details of his hatred for women, his contempt for interracial couples, and
his plans for retribution. Although the UCSB killing spree is an example of a mass attack perpetrated
by a self-identified incel, mass attacks have also been perpetrated by attackers motivated by other
types of misogynistic extremism. For example, on July 19, 2020, a 72-year-old self-described “anti-
feminist” lawyer attacked the family of a federal judge, killing the judge’s son and wounding her
husband. The attacker was a fervent men’s rights advocate, motivated by a belief that “manhood is
in serious jeopardy in America” and calling for a “revolution.”
1
Unlike the UCSB attacker, this attacker
did not identify as an incel. He had previously been married and was not known to visit incel-related
websites.
It is further important to note that misogynistic violence is not restricted to high-profile incidents of
mass violence. Misogyny frequently appears in more prevalent acts of violence, including stalking
and domestic abuse. No matter the context, responding to the threat posed by these beliefs requires
collaboration across multiple community systems, including law enforcement, courts, mental health
providers, and domestic violence and hate crime advocacy groups.
The Hot Yoga Tallahassee case study demonstrates the opportunities that exist to prevent targeted
violence while drawing particular focus to the risk posed by misogynistic extremism. Highlighted
throughout the case study are behavioral threat assessment themes (see table on page 5) that
were evident in the background of the Hot Yoga Tallahassee attacker. These behavioral themes
are frequently seen in the backgrounds of other attackers and, as such, should be the focus of
community-level violence prevention efforts to identify and intervene with those who pose a risk of
engaging in targeted violence.
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Behavioral Threat Assessment Themes in the Attacker’s Background
✔ Motive
✔ Concerning and threatening communications
✔ Concerning online content
✔ Stressors (chronic & acute)
✔ Mental health history
✔ Elicited concern in others
✔ Bizarre or inappropriate behavior
✔ Interpersonal difficulties
✔ Blaming others
✔ Intense/escalating anger
✔ Interest in violence
✔ Homicidal ideations
✔ Beliefs and fixations
✔ Harassment
✔ History of being bullied
✔ Financial instability
✔ Failed life aspirations
✔ Lack of consequences
✔ Target-related behaviors
✔ Attack planning
✔ Final acts
The themes and behaviors identified in this case study are not provided as predictors of violence, but rather as
factors that should be evaluated in context when conducting a behavioral threat assessment. Further, some of the
identified behaviors involve activities that are protected by the Constitution and should be viewed with those
protections in mind.
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Early Life and Young Adulthood
For the purposes of this case study, the attacker will be referred to using his initials.
Born in 1978, SB and his two brothers were raised in Vestal, NY, where SB served as an acolyte in the
United Methodist Church. SB delivered newspapers to his neighbors, mowed their lawns, and was
active in Boy Scouts. SB avoided listening to pop or metal music, which referred to partying, the “rock
and roll” lifestyle, and all the “action” others got because he found the lyrics unrelatable.
2
He felt
pressured by society about sex and being in a relationship. From early adolescence and into his teen
years, SB had limited friendships and no romantic relationships.
When SB was in eighth grade, around 1993, he experienced what he later described as the worst
day of his life. He claimed to have done something that caused all the students in his school to turn
against him. Though he did not share the details of the incident, he reported that even students
he had not previously known treated him as an outcast for
an entire day. The experience ended with him hiding under
his sheets at home for hours in the dark and served as the
inspiration for a song he wrote later in life, titled “Crying in
the Dark.” That same school year, a group of female students
bullied SB during home economics class. He later described this
bullying as the origin of his misogyny.
As a teen, SB wrote four novels and a screenplay, including a 70,000-word, 81-page novella titled
Rejected Youth, which he wrote the summer before his senior year. Rejected Youth was a revenge
fantasy about a middle school boy turned serial killer who hated his female classmates who had
shunned and humiliated him. In his story, the main character
criticizes the girls’ appearances, mocks their boyfriends, and
becomes enraged by the girls’ lack of respect for him. In the
end, the main character murders the girls one by one, while
still admiring their bodies, and then commits suicide as law
enforcement arrives. The characters in the story represented SB’s
actual classmates from school, though the names were slightly
changed. SB said he did not share the story with anyone until 17
years later.
At the end of his senior year, SB was highlighted in the local newspaper as one of three newspaper
Carriers of the Month. He also received an athletic award in football, achieved the rank of Eagle Scout,
and was elected vice president of his senior class. While running against a female opponent in the
student body election, SB’s campaign slogan was “Vote [SB], because we don’t need no woman.”
3
…described this bullying as
the origin of his misogyny.
History of Being Bullied
…a revenge fantasy about
a middle school boy turned
serial killer who hated his
female classmates...
Homicidal Ideations
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According to a childhood friend, SB acted inappropriately with
girls at school. At one point, he grabbed a female classmate’s
backside after she declined his invitation to a school dance.
Despite having been disciplined for this behavior, SB continued
to touch girls without their consent while drunk at social
gatherings. Following the 2018 yoga studio attack, one female
from SB’s graduating class came forward and told police she had
been inappropriately touched and stalked by him. In addition to
his inappropriate behavior toward women, SB was said to openly
admire Hitler and the Aryan Nations while in high school. He also
prided himself on being asocial and looked down on peers who
were involved in social activities. He bragged that he would achieve
a more successful life than them because he focused more on
academics.
In 1997, SB graduated high school and moved to the West Coast
to pursue his dream of becoming a screenwriter. When he failed
to succeed in establishing a career, he moved back to Vestal, NY
to live with his parents and enroll in college. SB continued to write
scripts, stories, and songs that were described as “dark, violent, and
misogynistic.”
4
As a college student, SB worked at an insurance call center but was fired for harassing a coworker.
The coworker had told SB that she was also employed at the gym where he was a member. SB
then sought her out at the gym. Though the details about his behavior during this encounter are
unknown, local law enforcement contacted SB following the gym
visit. Police informed him that the coworker was not pressing
charges and directed SB to leave her alone. This event served as
inspiration for two of SB’s songs. One song, which he shared with his
childhood friend who was also a musician, was about an employee
killing all his coworkers in retaliation for being fired. He titled the
other song “Stalker.”
When SB described his inspiration for “Stalker,” he attempted to
absolve himself of any wrongdoing when seeking out his coworker
at the gym. SB argued that “aggression is a male trait, and it is
criminalized. Evasiveness is a female trait, and it is NOT criminalized,
but I think it could be.”
5
He further complained of how he was told
by police that he could not press charges against the coworker,
writing “that really was the true onset of my psychosis. It sent me off
the edge.”
6
He continued, “I looked up the most extreme examples
…continued to touch girls
without their consent...
Inappropriate Behavior
…said to openly admire
Hitler and the Aryan
Nations...
Beliefs
…failed to succeed in
establishing a career…
Failed Life Aspirations
…fired for harassing a
coworker.
Harassment/Stressor
“I looked up the most
extreme examples of
stalking, that ended
in mass shootings
and such…”
- SB
Interest in Violence
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of stalking, that ended in mass shootings and such, and I wouldn’t advocate stalking, as it can be
construed as complimentary for the ‘victim.’”
7
SB described three additional past incidents that
involved him engaging in stalking behaviors, each of which contributed as inspiration for his song,
“Stalker.”
While still enrolled as a college student, SB harassed another woman,
this time a classmate at his university. According to SB, he and the
classmate had previously gone on a date, but when he approached
her to chat after class one day, the classmate hid in the women’s
restroom. SB stood outside of the restroom waiting for her until she
came out, at which point she exclaimed, “He’s still out there!”
8
She
reported the encounter to school officials, and the Dean’s office
subsequently instructed SB to leave the classmate
alone. He responded that he would, if the classmate
left him alone. This was one of the additional
incidents that SB attributed as inspiration for his
song, “Stalker.” Other incidents reportedly occurred
during this timeframe that involved SB getting
kicked out of or banned from bars for groping
women.
In or around 2000, SB moved to the Washington,
DC area for an undergraduate internship. According
to SB, when his new roommates asked him if he
had a girlfriend, SB replied, “sure, she’s locked in
my basement as we speak.”
9
He later reported this
interaction as the inspiration for writing a song
titled “Locked in My Basement.” The song described
an assailant drugging and chaining a woman in his
basement, then torturing and sexually assaulting
her, after she rejected him. SB later claimed these
roommates robbed him while he was on break.
He also claimed that the roommates reported him
to the police after becoming afraid for their lives.
Neither the alleged robbery nor the police report
could be confirmed, and SB did not specify why his
roommates became fearful.
SB’s Behavior Toward Women Elicited
Concern in Others
• Gyms, bars, and campus officials
banned him.
• Employers fired him.
• Classmates avoided him and
reported him to school and campus
officials.
• Roommates kept their friends away
from him and called police.
• A sibling suspected he was a serial
sniper and considered reporting
him as a suspect.
• His parents removed him from a
child’s party and locked their door
as they slept.
• The military found him guilty of
conduct unbecoming an officer and
fraternizing with an enlisted
person.
• School district employees
recommended he not be hired.
• Students complained to parents
and school counselors when he was
a teacher.
• His friend’s wife called law
enforcement about his disturbing
writings.
…stood outside of the
restroom waiting for
her…
Harassment
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In 2002, SB graduated with a bachelor's degree in political science and government. Soon after
graduation, he moved to Alexandria, VA. In October of that year, a series of sniper attacks took place
over a period of several weeks across the Washington, DC area, resulting in ten killed and three
seriously wounded. At the time, SB’s family was aware of his disturbing writings, and SB’s brother and
sister-in-law feared that SB might be the one perpetrating the killings. They were so concerned that
they considered contacting police to report SB as a possible suspect.
This was not the first time that SB’s family had been so alarmed by his behavior that they took action.
For example, after becoming aware of SB’s concerning writings, SB’s parents reportedly slept with
their bedroom door locked. At one point, SB’s parents found that he had been keeping a firearm
in the home without their knowledge and asked his brother to remove it. In another instance,
SB’s parents escorted him from his niece’s birthday party after other parents complained about SB
inappropriately touching the backsides of girls as he helped them from a waterslide. On another
occasion, SB’s brother became angry and demanded SB leave the house after learning that SB
entered his wife’s bedroom and stood over her at a time when he believed she was asleep.
Teaching, the Military, and Graduate School
In 2003, SB moved to Maryland. The following year, he was charged
with driving under the influence. He was also evicted by his roommate
from their apartment, where afterwards, county police investigated SB
for destruction of property.
From 2005 to 2007, after he passed a criminal records check, SB taught English and social studies in
a Maryland county school district. In May 2006, at age 28, he was investigated by the county police
department for inappropriate contact with a female high school student. SB had made the student
uncomfortable when he touched her arm, inappropriately stared at
her, and asked if she would ever pose in Playboy. He also suggested
she wear low-cut shirts. The school district made disciplinary
recommendations; however, school officials never publicly confirmed
if the recommendations were carried out or if SB was ever disciplined
for his behavior. The police record for the investigation indicated the
case was suspended, and SB continued to teach in the district for
another year before he resigned.
…evicted by his
roommate from their
apartment…
Stressor
…inappropriate
contact with a high
school student…[yet]
continued to teach…
Lack of Consequences
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On January 30, 2008, SB joined the U.S. Army and was commissioned as an officer six months later.
He served for a period in Germany, during which he was assigned to supply and logistics. SB later
said in a self-recorded video that he had a positive experience with a woman while in Germany. He
described her as his girlfriend and said she was “the best I was able to do.”
10
He also said that she was
the only female he did not resent. Of note, his mother later told police that no one in the family ever
met this woman or even knew her name.
Sometime during SB’s military service, four female airmen in the U.S.
Air Force complained about his inappropriate interactions with them
while in Amsterdam. In a video posted to social media years later, SB
dismissed the accusation, simply stating, “I got too rowdy for their
sensibilities.”
11
He reflected that this incident contributed to the rebirth
of his misogyny. SB went on to complain that he was backstabbed by
his military superiors at the time because he felt that they should have
believed his story instead of the four female airmen’s account.
A U.S. Army evaluation dated January 21, 2010 noted SB displayed “difficulty assimilating to the Army
and demonstrating Army values.”
12
It also noted that SB violated a direct order and demonstrated
poor judgment and decision-making. The evaluation described him as someone who would lie and
lacked integrity. SB was not recommended for a promotion. At some point, an investigation was
initiated against SB due to his “inappropriate contact with female
soldiers.”
13
It is not clear if this investigation was related to the earlier
complaints against SB by the four female airmen in Amsterdam.
Regardless, as a result of the investigation, the Army found SB
guilty of conduct unbecoming an officer and fraternizing with an
enlisted person. On June 9, 2010, SB was honorably discharged for
“unacceptable conduct.”
14
Following his discharge, SB moved back home to Vestal, NY and lived with his parents for a short
time. Then in 2011, he enrolled in graduate school at Florida State University (FSU) in Tallahassee,
FL, where his behavior continued to elicit concern. One woman who knew him at the time noted
that she and other classmates would go out of their way to avoid him because of his inappropriate
behaviors. Those who met SB during open mic nights at a comedy
club reported that he was strange and told offensive, racist, and
antisemitic jokes. Other comedians said they did not like SB or his
comedy. Though one of the employees at the club also worked at Hot
Yoga Tallahassee, she did not remember SB from the comedy club or
anywhere else.
…went on to
complain that he was
backstabbed by his
military superiors...
Blamed Others
…classmates would
go out of their way to
avoid him…
Elicited Concern
…honorably discharged
for “unacceptable
conduct.”
Stressor
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SB’s roommates in Tallahassee later described him as odd and
obnoxious. They said SB would sit in the living room drinking
beer in his briefs and refused to put on pants, even when the
roommates’ friends came over. SB would also make inappropriate
comments when their girlfriends visited. One roommate described
how SB behaved towards women, stating “he was very weird
and made everyone uncomfortable…it worried me at the time.
There was concern for sure. But there wasn't enough evidence,
and I would have been wasting the police's time if I had made any
kind of report. I had nothing.”
15
The roommate described how
he thought SB was mentally ill and perhaps suffered from post-
traumatic stress disorder from his time in the military. Eventually,
SB’s roommates decided they would not leave any of their guests
alone with SB, regardless of whether the guests were women or men. “We compared him to Ted
Bundy back then,” the roommate later said, “it was the way he lurked and followed girls.”
16
SB admired Ted Bundy, the serial killer who confessed to killing 30
women in 7 states, including Florida, from 1974 to 1978. According to
SB, he tried to locate the sorority house where Bundy targeted some
of his victims. He documented this, writing “I drove down sorority
row, so I can check that box. Christians have their Via Delorosa in
Jerusalem- I walked that, not bad- and I have mine.”
17
Scattered
throughout SB’s descriptions of his own songs were references to
notorious serial killers and serial rapists with whom he identified. In
addition to Bundy, these references included Paul Kenneth Bernardo and Christopher Bernard Wilder,
also known as the Beauty Queen Killer. These serial killers and rapists were responsible for the murder
or sexual assault of dozens of women in the 1980s and early 1990s, in locations including Florida. SB
described his song “Wilder,” writing:
“Incidentally enough, [Wilder] and Bundy both rubbed elbows in Tallahassee, spiritually, anyway- Bundy
with his sorority house mayhem, and Wilder with his abduction from the Governor's Square parking lot. I
suppose I've rubbed elbows with both of them as well, living there for as long as I did, and retracing their
steps, visiting their old haunts, etc. What a fraternity. I think he and Ted must be great friends in hell, and
have in-depth and fascinating conversations. They have so much in common. I've gotta get in on that,
when I arrive.”
18
“There was concern for
sure. But there wasn't
enough evidence…”
“We compared him to Ted
Bundy…It was the way he
lurked and followed girls.”
- Former roommate
Bizarre Behavior/
Elicited Concern
…references to
notorious serial killers
and serial rapists with
whom he identified.
Interest in Violence
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On December 7, 2012, SB was arrested on two counts of misdemeanor
battery after he grabbed two women’s backsides in an FSU dining hall.
One of the victims had been previously assaulted in a similar way by SB
over the prior month. SB claimed to police that he may have bumped
into several girls by accident. The criminal charges were dropped one
month after his arrest, in part due to lack of evidence. In response to
his behavior, SB was banned by FSU from the dining hall.
In 2013, SB recorded numerous videos in which he aired his frustrations with women. Many of these
videos were later uploaded to a popular website. SB referred to himself as Carnifex in these videos,
a name referring to the public executioner in ancient Rome. He indicated that he was producing
a video series that would serve as his last will and testament, and that he would be gone after the
tenth video was completed. SB used this medium repeatedly to express his frustration with his lack
of companionship and marriage, often employing derogatory
language to blame women for his romantic failures. He
described how he went on 14 first dates over a two-month
period. Each time he hit “brick walls,”
19
and did not know how
much longer he could take it. He offered an ominous warning
to women, saying, “you bring this on yourselves,” and predicted
that women who abuse their power would be the cause of the
“next columbine.”
20
In April 2013, SB met a woman through a social media website designed to help people connect
with other members who share similar interests in person. Her profile image featured a photo of
her in a yoga pose, and she mentioned yoga at least four times in her profile. She also told SB that
she went to a hot yoga class in Tallahassee. Initially, their exchanges were pleasant. However, their
relationship quickly went downhill after she declined all his invitations to meet, including a date at a
shooting range. He sent her unwanted sexual text messages and suggested that the woman become
a stripper. In response, the woman called him “crazy” and “weird and insulting” before she ceased
communication.
21
SB ranted about the woman in his journal, writing that she “presents as carefree-
happy-go-lucky; and tries to engage…. Endlessly… she snuffs me, whenever I try to engage her,
she answers as quick as she can, then turns away. I saw her gruesome look tonight… I'll never think
of her in the same way, I seem to bring out the ugliness in people… I'd like to put it to her.”
22
Police
later confirmed that the woman did indeed attend classes at Hot Yoga Tallahassee in 2013 and 2014;
however, they also confirmed that she passed away before the 2018 mass shooting.
While still a graduate student, SB had another negative interaction with a woman on campus, which
he referenced when describing his song “Stalker.” In SB’s version of events, a woman invited him to
stop by the campus gym where she worked. When he visited the gym and asked her out on a date,
he said the woman refused his offer angrily. The gym manager later called SB to their office to discuss
his behavior, but no other consequences were noted.
…predicted that women who
abuse their power would
be the cause of the “next
columbine.”
Threatening Communications
…grabbed two
women’s backsides in
an FSU dining hall.
Inappropriate Behavior
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National Threat Assessment Center
On May 3, 2013, SB graduated from FSU with two master's degrees, one in public administration and
the other in urban and regional planning. In the following years, SB attempted to maintain contact
with a friend from graduate school. The two had spent time watching sports together but were not
particularly close. Though the friend later moved to Colorado, SB called
him constantly, sometimes throughout the night. Occasionally, the
friend would call SB to check up on him, but their conversations were
never personal and instead focused on sports. SB called this friend
a total of 831 times over an unknown timeframe, and eventually the
friend blocked SB’s calls due to their intrusive nature. SB’s last attempt
to contact the friend was just two days before the shooting at Hot
Yoga Tallahassee.
Despite having finished his studies, SB returned to the FSU campus
in June 2014. A campus employee reported that SB was following
a female volleyball coach at the campus gym, after which, police
issued him a trespass warning. A few weeks later, SB was spotted
on campus again and was arrested for trespassing. As a result of the
charges, he completed a misdemeanor diversion program and a work
program. He was also banned from the FSU campus. At the time, SB
was unemployed and received $1,560 in annual Veterans Affairs (VA)
disability benefits for tinnitus.
Even though it was SB’s own inappropriate behavior towards women
that got him kicked out of or banned from various locations, his anger
grew with each occurrence. When he described his inspiration for his
song “I Hate the Whole World,” SB wrote “I add ammo and barrels of
fuel to the warehouse, every time such persecution happens. How
long, before it ignites, before the entire warehouse explodes, and
wipes out everything in a lengthy radius? It may only take a spark, a
match, a small, lighted match.”
23
The following month, SB shared two of his stories with a childhood friend. The first story was Rejected
Youth, the novella he wrote before his senior year in high school. The second, 18 and Life, was also
written during high school. 18 and Life was the basis for his song
“End of the World,” which describes the end of a relationship.
24
As
SB had no true experience with romantic relationships, he based
the writings on the end of a brotherly friendship. The friend who
received SB’s stories found them too disturbing to read, but SB
continued to send material of this nature up until the shooting at
the yoga studio.
“I add ammo and
barrels of fuel to the
warehouse, every
time such persecution
happens.”
- SB
Intense/Escalating Anger
The friend who received
SB’s stories found them too
disturbing to read...
Concerning Communications
…the friend blocked
SB’s calls due to their
intrusive nature.
Interpersonal Difficulties
A campus employee
reported that SB was
following a female
volleyball coach…
Inappropriate Behavior
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In 2014, SB uploaded 17 of his videos to a popular video hosting
website. The content of his videos was misogynistic, homophobic,
and racist in nature. He spoke at length about his hatred of women
and experiences of being rejected by them. He described his
inability to connect with others, including the men with whom he
served while in the Army. He also spoke about retribution, citing
the mass shooting near the campus of UCSB in May 2014, which
was carried out by a perpetrator
motivated by misogyny and anger
at his inability to have romantic or sexual relationships with women.
When SB spoke of retribution, he stated, “I have a duty, an obligation,
a moral obligation to proceed and act as such. I thought that may
help explain things a bit.”
25
Other content in his videos blamed
television for establishing male sexual expectations along with his
hatred of interracial couples and police.
Beginning April 25, 2015, SB was employed as a substitute teacher for a Florida county school district
despite concerns aired by school district employees who interacted with him during the application
process. SB was described as rude, nervous, and having a “scary and angry look on his face.”
26
It was
also noted that the password he used for his online application login was “Carnifex.” The district
employees were so afraid of him that they locked the door after he left. Considering SB had failed the
Florida Teacher Certification Examination and his erratic behavior,
the school district’s employees recommended that SB not be hired
for the teaching position. Despite these concerns, his application
to teach was approved. In January 2016, SB conducted online
searches for pornography that involved yoga and cheerleaders;
some of these searches were done on school district devices. In
March 2016, less than a year after he was hired, SB was fired for
violating the district's Internet use policy.
He described his
inability to connect with
others…He also spoke
about retribution…
Interpersonal Difficulties
…was employed as a
substitute teacher…despite
concerns aired by school
district employees…
Elicited Concern
The content of his
videos was misogynistic,
homophobic, and racist
in nature.
Concerning
Online Activity
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Move to Deltona, FL
While unemployed in May 2016, SB conducted his first known
Internet search for “Tallahassee hot yoga.”
27
This search led him to the
Hot Yoga Tallahassee website, which he then accessed.
Soon after, on June 1, 2016, SB approached a woman sunbathing at
the swimming pool of his apartment complex in Tallahassee. After the woman refused his offer to
apply sunscreen on her body, SB slapped, grabbed, and shook her backside. Law enforcement was
notified, and SB was arrested and charged with battery. However, the
charges were ultimately dropped after SB completed court-mandated
counseling with a sex-addiction therapist. He later described the
counseling as a “racket.”
28
This was not the first time he was court-
ordered to attend mental health services. According to SB, he was
ordered to attend treatment four separate times due to his behavior
with women and his mania, the first of which dated back to high
school.
Meanwhile, just a week after his arrest, SB’s apartment complex served him a lease termination due
to his conduct at the pool. The termination instructed him to vacate his apartment within seven days
or face legal action. That same day, SB conducted his first of many
online searches for a cheerleading camp held at a resort in Panama
City, FL. The complex filed an eviction complaint and lien with the
county court after SB failed to vacate his apartment on time. The
complaint was dismissed a few weeks later after SB moved out of the
apartment.
In September 2016, SB rented a room in a single-family home in Deltona, FL that he found online. He
resided there with his new roommate, who owned the home, until the shooting at the yoga studio.
The roommate later described SB as a recluse and a loner, and said he never learned much about SB
because they rarely spent time together. The roommate described SB’s clothing as much too small for
him and said SB ate his food straight out of cans, a habit SB claimed was developed during his two
years in the military. Concerned for his wellbeing, the roommate purchased SB food and clothing.
After the shooting at Hot Yoga Tallahassee, SB’s mother told the roommate that SB “spoke well of him
and must have liked him or else [SB] would have killed him.”
29
…first known Internet
search for “Tallahassee
hot yoga.”
Target-Related Behavior
…completed court-
mandated counseling
with a sex-addiction
therapist.
Mental Health
…lease termination due
to his conduct…
Stressor
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A few months after moving to Deltona, SB spent time with a woman
he met through the same social media website that he used in
2013. The woman was a psychologist and later commented that she
noticed SB’s “disturbing character traits” and was offended by his
racist comments.
30
On a few occasions, SB “flashed a pistol around.”
31
The woman said she did not have any issue with the firearm itself,
but she found the way he brandished it inappropriate. During a New
Year’s Eve party, SB reportedly made aggressive attempts to get
the woman to go home with him. Other group members SB met through the same website referred
to him as a Nazi because he would unexpectedly speak about weapons and his support for Hitler’s
genocide. He also bragged about killing people while in the military, though there is no evidence to
support this claim.
Beginning in early 2017, SB applied for 55 jobs with the State of Florida
but was not selected for any of the positions. He eventually found
employment as a substitute teacher in a Florida county school district,
and later obtained a full-time teaching position at a middle school
for the start of the 2017-2018 school year. During this timeframe, SB
continued to exhibit inappropriate interest in women and girls. In July,
he conducted another online search for the cheerleading camp in
Panama City. In addition, after he began his full-time middle school teaching position, three sisters
who attended the school told a parent and a school guidance counselor that SB made them feel
uncomfortable. The girls reported that SB would stare at female students and give them nicknames,
but he did not act the same way toward male students. At the end of August 2017, just two weeks
after starting the position, SB was fired from the middle school for “classroom performance issues,”
yet he could continue working as a substitute teacher in the same district.
32
As a substitute teacher, SB worked in 21 different schools within
the district, including elementary, middle, and high schools. In
October 2017, a parent called the school where he was teaching to
discuss her concerns about SB’s prior arrests for battery, as well as his
concerning social media content, which she referred to as “red flags”
in his background.
33
Whether the school district addressed these
concerns is unclear. Later, after the attack at the yoga studio, former
middle school students of SB’s recalled their concerns. These students
described him as being “lazy, detached, and downright strange,” that
he gave off a “psychopath vibe, like someone crazy,” that he “put you
on edge,” and that he “was really creepy.”
34
…would stare at female
students and give them
nicknames…
Inappropriate Behavior
“…lazy, detached, and
downright strange.”
…he gave off a
“psychopath vibe...”
…he “put you on
edge...”
- SB’s former students
Elicited Concern
…he would unexpectedly
speak about weapons and
his support for Hitler’s
genocide.
Beliefs
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In February 2018, while still employed as a substitute teacher, SB occasionally rented time in an
individual’s at-home recording studio to record songs. Over the years, he had written more than
100 songs, and recorded over two dozen of them. The owner of the studio described SB as “a bit
odd…little slow…uncomfortable,” noting “there were many flags.”
35
Though SB had hired others to
assist with accompanying music, some of his songs consisted of him simply tapping the beat as he
recorded the vocals, which were significantly off-key. His songs often involved themes of misogyny,
racism, blaming others, anger, and violence. SB listed the title and a description for each song that he
posted on a website he purchased sometime after August 2017. For example:
“Submit- A fun little ditty, in a horrendous and malevolent context, of
course…If any female is reading, you have NO idea the nausea, the
increased heart-rate, the fear that some poor adolescent must contend
with and overcome, to approach a female and proposition her, because
he is told that he must and she won’t approach him, and if anything is
going to occur, the onus is on him. This he endures, to approach YOU,
whoever the individual is, and you should be honored. Do NOT pull a
Chernobyl; do not run off all flustered; do NOT laugh at him or shoot him
down, because when you do, you plant a seed of violence, whether or
not you acknowledge it or not. I promise you.”
36
“Feeling the Impulse- My fury and indignity have been such a part of me
for so long, I can hardly remember when I was free of them. Probably 7th
grade. I go to sleep with them every night. A long time ago, I had sexual
fantasies at night. Anymore, when I lie in bed at night, I picture in big
red letters against the wall 'Kill', or 'There is, an Answer.' I have fantasies,
much different than the ones I had as a kid- these became the basis of
the ultimate and final version of the song.”
37
“I Will Not Touch You (My Bullets Will)- This seems to have gained new relevance, with all the nonsense and
shenanigans occurring nowadays, that are destroying so many men’s lives. I recall hearing a narrative from
caller into a radio show once, who’d been royally screwed by the system, saying, ‘if I didn’t have kids, I would
do something terrible.’ Well, I don’t have kids, but, hmm…”
38
“…you plant a seed of
violence, whether or not
you acknowledge it or
not. I promise you.”
- SB
Blame Others
“…I picture in big red
letters against the wall
‘Kill’…”
- SB
Intense Anger/
Homicidal Ideations
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On May 23, 2018, SB conducted another online search for
information on the Panama City cheerleading camp. Two days
later, while he was substitute teaching at a middle school, SB
asked a female student if she was ticklish and touched her
stomach. The student became frightened and hid behind
a classmate. The school removed SB from class following
the incident. As he attempted to leave the campus, SB was
contacted by a law enforcement officer, though the nature of
this interaction was not described in public sources. A week later,
on June 1, 2018, SB was fired by the school for “unprofessional
conduct.”
39
Over the next few months, SB searched for employment but was unsuccessful. His average bank
account balance during this time was less than $300, and he received monthly deposits from his
parents. His account balance dipped to $26.25 by the time of the attack, according to his financial
records. His mother later indicated that she thought he was
depressed due to his unemployment and lack of benefits. Despite his
lack of income and being supported by his parents, SB continued to
record his music throughout the summer of 2018. He posted all of this
music on his website and two other public music-sharing websites at
different times.
…asked a female student if
she was ticklish and touched
her stomach…fired by the
school for “unprofessional
conduct.”…
Inappropriate Behavior
His average bank
account balance...was
less than $300...
Financial Instability
Failed Life Aspirations
• Failed to establish romantic or sexual relationships with
women
• Failed to establish platonic friendships
• Failed to support himself financially
• Multiple failed careers – screenwriter, teacher, military
service member, musician
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Planning the Attack
In early summer 2018, while still unemployed, SB began planning for his
attack. In June, he conducted more online searches for the Panama City
cheerleading camp. In July, he searched for yoga-related pornography,
performed additional searches for the cheerleading camp, and searched
for the camp’s schedule. Around this time, SB met with a psychiatrist
at the VA medical center. Although the details of his treatment were
not available in open sources, SB was later found to have prescription
anxiety medication in his system during the attack at the yoga studio.
On July 23, SB purchased the Glock pistol that he would later use in the attack from a pawn shop
in Orange City, FL. About a week later, on July 30, SB practiced firing for 30 minutes at an indoor
shooting range in Tallahassee, about 280 miles from his home in Deltona. After leaving the range, he
traveled an additional 100 miles to Panama City Beach where the cheerleading camp was located.
On August 3, a few days after the trip to Panama City, SB conducted an online search for cheerleading
camps closer to his home. He also searched for a map of the area around Hot Yoga Tallahassee. After
the shooting, police found SB to be in possession of a detailed engineering diagram of a plaza near
the yoga studio, though it is unclear when or how he obtained it.
In early August, SB sent a childhood friend a link to his website.
Concerned by the violent and misogynistic content of the website
and its songs, the friend’s wife reported SB to a federal law
enforcement agency on August 5, 2018. The agency deemed the tip
non-actionable.
40
According to an official from the agency, “even
violently themed lyrics are protected speech…unless they target
a particular person, place or event. In this situation, there wasn’t a
specific threat.”
41
On August 15, 17, 18, and 20, SB conducted online searches for the class schedule at Hot Yoga
Tallahassee. On August 17, he also called Hot Yoga Tallahassee twice by phone, but his back-to-
back calls went unanswered because nobody was working at the time. On August 20, SB made two
more calls that were answered by a Hot Yoga Tallahassee employee, who did not recall anything
memorable about the brief conversations with SB.
…found to have
prescription anxiety
medication in his
system…
Mental Health
…friend’s wife reported
SB to a federal law
enforcement agency…
Elicited Concern
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During the month of October, SB made final preparations for his attack, which included:
• October 2: Accessed the online class schedule for Hot Yoga Tallahassee.
• October 8: Accessed the online class schedule for Hot Yoga Tallahassee and checked the local
weather forecast.
• October 14: Made a reservation at a hotel located
four minutes away from Hot Yoga Tallahassee for
October 31 through November 1.
• October 18 and 19: Made calls to cancel his
psychiatric appointment at the VA.
• October 25: Worked on the last song he uploaded to
his website, called “Fuck ‘Em All.”
• October 27: Purchased ammunition consistent with
what he used in the attack.
• October 29: Used the recording studio for the last
time and called his childhood friend with whom he
had shared his website, writings, and song lyrics.
Nothing was noted as being unusual about SB’s
behavior by either contact.
• October 30: Pawned a handgun he had purchased in
2009.
• October 31: Checked into the hotel, purchased
hearing protection and a yoga mat, texted his
roommate to let him know he would pay rent when
he returned on November 1, extended his hotel
reservation by two additional days to November 3,
and called a friend from graduate school to chat
about sports.
On November 2, 2018, the day of the shooting, SB uploaded his song, “Fuck ‘Em All,” to a public
music-sharing website. The song described SB’s frustration over his failures in life, including failed
employment, relationships with women, and overall life goals. He also uploaded 27 of his songs to
another audio website. Prior to leaving his hotel room, SB left a note that referred to the then-U.S.
president in racist language and railed against America’s racially integrated society, writing in part:
“If I can’t find one decent female to live with, I will find many indecent females to die with. If they are intent
on denying me life, I will have no choice, but to deny them life… Their arrogance, indifference and treachery
will finally be exposed, and punished. If I can’t make a living, I will make a killing…I will be successful with
females: if I can’t be successful at being positive, I will be successful at being negative. This is in their court,
however. This is not what I wanted. No kid sits in their room at night dreaming of this. It has come to this
though, and I simply have no choice at this point. It is a moral imperative.”
42
Planning Behaviors
• Online research of two potential
targets
• Traveled to potential target
• Contacted target by phone
• Weapons acquisition
• Weapons practice
• Acquired maps/diagrams
• Made hotel reservations,
extended stay
• Purchased supplies (e.g., ear
protection and yoga mat)
• Final acts:
- Cancelled psychiatric
appointment
- Wrote message
- Called friends
- Texted roommate about rent
- Finished final song and
uploaded content to the web
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The Attack at Hot Yoga Tallahassee
Around 4:35 p.m., SB left his hotel with a Glock pistol and a yoga mat. At 5:05 p.m., he made his last
call to the owner of the recording studio. At 5:17 p.m., he arrived at Hot Yoga Tallahassee and signed
up for the 5:30 p.m. class using his first and middle names. He then went outside and paced for
about 20 minutes. He also entered and exited the studio several times. At one point, while inside the
studio, he asked when the more crowded classes were held. The studio’s employee later stated that
SB looked disappointed there were so few people registered for the 5:30 p.m. class. SB entered the
studio for the last time at 5:29 p.m. By 5:35 p.m., the class was already underway. The yoga instructor
directed SB to remove his shoes and socks, and to leave his belongings in a cubby outside the room.
SB exited the room to unwrap his yoga mat and begin stretching. He then reentered, stopped in the
doorway, and said, “But I have a question.”
43
He then put on his hearing protection and drew the
Glock pistol. The instructor asked what he was doing as SB opened fire at random.
SB shot six people during the attack before his pistol malfunctioned, at which time a class member
struck him with a vacuum cleaner and a broom. This allowed time for others to escape. Once
he resolved the weapon malfunction, SB said something unintelligible and fatally shot himself.
Tragically, two of the victims who were shot later died at the hospital.
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Conclusion
This case study demonstrates the importance of using a behavioral threat assessment approach that
involves various community stakeholders who may be in a position to intervene with an individual
who is escalating to violence. A superficial look at SB’s personal history reveals an individual who
pursued higher education, served in the military, and held highly regarded professional positions of
trust. However, a more complete and multidisciplinary assessment reveals objectively concerning
behavior that continued for decades (see table on page 23). At times, SB’s behavior elicited concern
from parents, siblings, friends, roommates, coworkers, workplace managers, school officials, students,
law enforcement, the online community, neighbors, and other community members.
This case study also highlights the specific threat posed by misogynistic extremism. Hatred of
women, and the gender-based violence that is associated with it, requires increased attention from
everyone with a role in public safety. Regardless of whether an individual self-affixes a label to their
extremist beliefs, such as “incel” or “anti-feminist,” the individual’s behavior should remain the primary
focus. In this case, SB’s misogynistic views and associated behavior resulted in him being fired from
multiple jobs, being banned from public locations, and being arrested.
When conducting a behavioral threat assessment involving an individual who has elicited concern
and subscribes to an extreme belief system, the investigation should not be limited to the ideology
itself. NTAC research has shown that attackers’ motives are often multifaceted. Beyond ideology,
other personal elements also contribute to behaviors of concern, including desperation or despair,
a need for belonging or connection with others, and a desire for attention or notoriety. Investigators
should attempt to identify the origin and development of the ideology, which may help in assessing
what the individual would hope to achieve through violence.
Also note that the decision to carry out a violent act may occur well before a specific target is
selected. As demonstrated in this case study by SB researching yoga studios and cheerleading
camps, an individual plotting an attack may explore multiple targets during the planning process
before making their final selection. When seeking to prevent violent acts from coming to fruition,
investigators must consider any potential targets that may achieve the plotter’s intended goals and
desired outcomes.
Finally, NTAC research has shown that there is no one profile of an individual who plans or
executes an act of targeted violence. Attackers vary in age, race, sex, education level, employment
history, and other characteristics. What most attackers share, however, are observable concerning
behaviors displayed prior to engaging in violence. Although every act of targeted violence may
not be prevented, the risk of future tragedies can be reduced if the appropriate systems are in
place to identify the warning signs, gather information to assess the risk of violence, and apply the
appropriate community resources.
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SB’s Background
• Eagle Scout
• High school senior class vice president
• High school athletic award for football
• Bachelor’s degree and two master’s
degrees
• U.S. Army officer
• Public school teacher
SB’s Concerning Behaviors
• Self-described misogynist, aggrieved by his inability to obtain a relationship or sex with
women
• Openly admired Hitler and Aryan Nations; other members of online social networks referred to
him as a Nazi
• School district personnel recommended he not be hired for a teaching position due to
concerning behavior during the application process
• Multiple school firings related to inappropriate behavior with female students
• Three arrests connected to incidents of groping women in public and trespassing on FSU
campus after warning when seen following female coach
• Served a lease termination by apartment complex after assaulting a woman at the swimming
pool
• Additional law enforcement contacts for destruction of property, following women on campus,
and inappropriate contact with students while teaching
• Friend’s wife reported violent and misogynistic writings to law enforcement
• Court-ordered mental health treatment on at least four occasions due to behavior with women
and mania
• Banned from local bars for behavior toward women
• Parents slept with their door locked, removed him from his niece’s birthday party for touching
young girls, and had his brother remove a firearm that he kept
• Brother suspected him of being a serial sniper in DC
• Roommates compared him to Ted Bundy
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Endnotes
1
Zimmerman, G.A. (2021, September 9). Killer’s misogyny started in 3rd grade when he tried to forcibly kiss girls. CBS News. https://www.yahoo.com/news/
killers-misogyny-started-3rd-grade-135100897.html.
2
SB (n.d.). Plight of the adolescent male [Video]. YouTube.
3
Hendrix, S. (2019, June 7). [SB]’s attack on a Florida yoga studio was fueled by male supremacy, a movement with ties to other hate groups. The Washington
Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/local/yoga-shooting-incel-attack-fueled-by-male-supremacy/.
4
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
5
SB (n.d.). American whore. Path of Defiance.
6
SB (n.d.). American whore. Path of Defiance.
7
SB (n.d.). American whore. Path of Defiance.
8
SB (n.d.). American whore. Path of Defiance.
9
SB (n.d.). American whore. Path of Defiance.
10
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
11
Zaveri, M., Jacobs, J., & Mervosh, S. (2018, November 4). Gunman in yoga studio shooting recorded misogynistic videos and faced battery charges. The
New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/03/us/yoga-studio-shooting-florida.html.
12
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
13
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
14
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
15
Burlew, J. (2018, November 3). [SB], gunman in Tallahassee yoga studio shooting, remembered as 'really creepy.' Tallahassee Democrat. https://www.
tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/11/03/gunman-had-history-arrests-grabbing-women/1871941002/.
16
Burlew, J. (2018, November 3). [SB], gunman in Tallahassee yoga studio shooting, remembered as 'really creepy.' Tallahassee Democrat. https://www.
tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/11/03/gunman-had-history-arrests-grabbing-women/1871941002/.
17
SB (n.d.). Homicidal impulse. Path of Defiance.
18
SB (n.d.). Butthurt generation. Path of Defiance.
19
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
20
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
21
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
22
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
23
SB (n.d.). Butthurt generation. Path of Defiance.
24
SB (n.d.). Let the dice fly. Path of Defiance.
25
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
26
Seabrook, L. (2018, November 5). Florida yoga shooter taught at 21 Volusia Co. schools, touched female student's stomach, school says. WFTV9 ABC.
https://www.wftv.com/news/florida-yoga-shooter-was-a-substitute-teacher-at-21-volusia-county-schools/867087130/.
27
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
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28
Hendrix, S. (2019, June 7). [SB]’s attack on a Florida yoga studio was fueled by male supremacy, a movement with ties to other hate groups.
The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/local/yoga-shooting-incel-attack-fueled-by-male-supremacy/.
29
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
30
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
31
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
32
Burlew, J. (2018, November 5). Five months before yoga studio shooting, gunman was fired in Volusia for touching student. Tallahassee Democrat. https://
www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/11/05/yoga-studio-gunman-fired-substitute-teacher-touching-girl/1893165002/.
33
Burlew, J. (2018, November 5). Five months before yoga studio shooting, gunman was fired in Volusia for touching student. Tallahassee Democrat. https://
www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/11/05/yoga-studio-gunman-fired-substitute-teacher-touching-girl/1893165002/.
34
Danner, C. (2018, November 4). What to know about the Tallahassee yoga studio attack. New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/11/
what-to-know-about-the-tallahassee-yoga-studio-attack.html.
35
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
36
SB (n.d.). American whore. Path of Defiance.
37
SB (n.d.). Homicidal impulse. Path of Defiance.
38
SB (n.d.). American whore. Path of Defiance.
39
Allbrittin, D. (2018, November 6). Yoga studio shooting: Gunman’s ex-student describes bizarre classroom behavior. WSB-TV 2 Atlanta. https://www.wsbtv.
com/news/trending-now/yoga-studio-shooting-gunman-s-ex-student-describes-bizarre-classroom-behavior/867482318.
40
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
41
Hendrix, S. (2019, June 7). [SB]’s attack on a Florida yoga studio was fueled by male supremacy, a movement with ties to other hate groups.
The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/local/yoga-shooting-incel-attack-fueled-by-male-supremacy/.
42
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
43
Tallahassee Police Department. (2018). Field case report supplement: Case# 201800034992. https://www.talgov.com/uploads/public/documents/tpd/
tpd_individual_redacted.pdf.
LIMITED TO OPEN-SOURCE INFORMATION
Hot Yoga Tallahassee: A Case Study of Misogynistic Extremism | 26
United States Secret Service
National Threat Assessment Center
Recent NTAC Publications
• Attacks on Federal Government 2001-2013: Threat Assessment Considerations.
(December 2015).
• Investigating Ideologically Inspired Violent Extremists: Local Partners Are an Asset. A Case
Study on Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad. (December 2015).
• Exploring the Effects of Stressors in Threat Assessment Investigations: A Case Study on Bart
Allen Ross. (December 2015).
• Using a Systems Approach for Threat Assessment Investigations: A Case Study on Jared Lee
Loughner. (December 2015).
• The Congressional Shooter: A Behavioral Review of James Hodgkinson. (October 2017).
• Mass Attacks in Public Spaces – 2017. (March 2018).
• Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model: An Operational Guide for
Preventing Targeted School Violence. (July 2018).
• Mass Attacks in Public Spaces – 2018. (July 2019).
• Protecting America’s Schools: A U.S. Secret Service Analysis of Targeted School Violence.
(November 2019).
• Mass Attacks in Public Spaces – 2019. (August 2020).
• Averting Targeted School Violence: A U.S. Secret Service Analysis of Plots Against Schools.
(March 2021).
All NTAC publications are available at:
www.secretservice.gov/ntac
NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT CENTER
U.S. SECRET SERVICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Hot Yoga Tallahassee:
A Case Study of Misogynistic Extremism
